Differentiate among varieties of musical experience

The Varieties of Musical Experience

6.2 Differentiate among varieties of musical experience

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Music comes in many Styles. Style Guide: Western Music

1. Medieval 2. Renaissance 3. Baroque 4. Classical* 5. Romantic 6. Modern 7. Contemporary (New Music) 8. Popular (pop) 9. Jazz

*Classical (art or concert) music: is also a generic term for Western music older than 1900, plus contemporary art music. Art concert music may be more demanding, and complex, but more rewarding too.

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HISTORICAL MUSICAL STYLES 1. Middle Ages 500-1300s: von Bingen. Plainsong, chant monophonic. Mostly religious. 2. Renaissance 1400s-mid-1500s. Polyphonic, more secular concertos. Monteverde.

3. Baroque era (late 1500s-1750). Vivaldi, Four Seasons. Violin concertos. 1723 J. S. Bach, Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, ca. 1700

Subject: Church hymns. Formal elements: fugue /toccata/ ornamentation 4. Classical era (1750-1800).* W.A. Mozart.

a. Theme and variation. Classical characteristics. b. Opera (voices sing melodic line with orchestra)

5. Romantic era (1800-1900). Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff, Chopin, etc.) a. Beethoven.Eroica-3rd Symphony in E-flat Major, 1804. Secular, symphony: 4 mvts, dissonance. b. Beethoven.9th Symphony, “Ode to Joy” 4th movement. Ca. 1818. orchestra +chorus. c. Schubert: Art song. Also J. Strauss: waltz. R. Strauss-Zarathustra – intervals

6. Modern era (1900-1950s) a. C. Debussy. (1890-1905) Musical impressionism b. Ravel, “Bolero,” 1928 orchestra ballet c. Stravinsky, “The Rite of Spring,” 1913. Primitivism. Dissonance. d. Scott Joplin. “Rose Leaf Rag.” Syncopation e. Jazz Improvisation.

7. Post-Modern era (1960s-present). a. Philip Glass, John Adams. Minimalism. Movie/opera scores. b. Fusion music

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“Directions.” Persian poem. by Sohrab Sepehri, adapted to music

by the fusion* music group Axiom of Choice.

“Where is the friend’s home?” Asked the rider of the dawn. The sky paused, A passerby offered the branch of light Which he held between his lips To the darkness of the dunes. Pointing to a willow tree, he said: Before you reach that tree, There is a garden lane Greener than God’s dream. And there, love is the color of blue Like the wings of truth. . . .

*Fusion: blend of Contemporary + Traditional styles. Here: fusion of M. Eastern + Western instruments supporting Niya Yesh – Iranian singer. Directions/Greener Than God’s Dream

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Middle Ages MELODY:

• Plainsong or chant: Hildegard von Bingen.

– Unison. – Monophonic.

Hildegard von Bingen- Spiritus Sanctus

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RENAISSANCE Style. Harmony.

1. Polyphony/counterpoint “Simultaneous production of

tones by voices or instruments.”

2. Consonance/Dissonance (cultural)

Renaissance: music -> increasingly secular. — Concerts.

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Theme & Variation:

A Classical

Form

Mozart variations on a Folk Tune

Wolfgang A. Mozart

Classical qualities: Harmony Clarity Refinement Proportion, Balance

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CLASSICAL STYLE

§ Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

Antonio Salieri

•Clarity •Harmony •Balance •Refinement •Theme • and •Variation

Mozart vs SalieriMovie: Amadeus