impacted by globalization differentially
Theories of International Development and the NWICO
Ch-2
International development has been impacted by globalization differentially. While the western nations became dominating power and are using international policies to suit its own goals at the same time the peripheral nations still lack the basic infrastructure in communication. Developmental journalism has played a crucial role in International development. It understands the needs, strengths and aspiration of developing economies thus, encouraging indigenous media and discouraging copying western media models. Development communication has shifted focus on peripheral nations, the problems they are facing and how these can be overcome by the use of media. Media has played crucial role by adopting bottom-up grass root approach than the top-down bureaucratic practices in improving quality of life and environmental issues.
The socio-economic development has been classified in two contrasting models: Modernization & Dependency model.
Western countries can be said to achieve their development through modernization model. In this model, the traditional societies transformed used the advancement in science & technology and free expression through media. The transition was through distinct phases and the change cannot be undone. The society in this model exists in group than in isolation.
In dependency model, government has played the major role to provide a platform where the capital is invested in those projects that lead to the development of the nation. Domestic Industry in the peripheral nations is supported by the government as they are not that competitive to face the international companies.
Ch-3
The global media evolved through two different models. In US, the commercial model existed where there were many competitive channels that operated using the advertising and market forces to gain audiences. Majority of the world has the historical model where the media was controlled by government. Earlier it was radio and then later it shifted to television with the advancement of technology. The major role of the electronic media was not to gain from advertisements but to inform educate and entertain the masses. (McPhail, 2014)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the specialized agency of United Nations, has taken many developmental initiatives in its role to develop the link between developed and developing countries. The two superpowers, US and Soviet Union were manipulating the policies being passed by most International Institutions like UNESCO. The peripheral nations wanted to pursue development opportunities in using their media & press without the influence of the major powers. New World International and Communication Order (NWICO) was established with objective of providing sovereign equality to all states without considering their economic and social systems so that they could provide freedom to their press. NWICO was involved in controversies as the super powers were against its implementation and they even withdrew from membership of UNESCO. NWICO contributed to the remove the media imbalances and promoted cultural sensitivity & indigenous software.
References
McPhail, T.I. (2014) Global Communication: Theories, Stakeholder, and Trends. Fourth Edition. Wiley & Sons, Inc.
http://sincronia.cucsh.udg.mx/reyes4.htm
http://pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/nomadas/4/gereyes1.htm
http://tendaimazingaizo-teee.blogspot.in/2010/09/modernization-theory-dependency-theory.html
http://infochangeindia.org/defining-development/theories-of-development-modernisation-vs-dependency.html
