For questions 1–10 circle or highlight or bold the alternative A, B, C, or D that best answers the question.
1. Some tree creepers in Australia use their long thin beak to probe the bark of trees for insects. Woodpeckers in North America use their long, curved beak to remove insects from the tree bark. Which of the following terms best describes the development of these similar food-gathering methods?
(a) Radial evolution
(b) Punctuated evolution
(c) Convergent evolution
(d) Divergent evolution.
2. In rabbits, short hair (H) is dominant over long hair (h). The offspring produced from a cross between a short-haired female and a long-haired male were one long-haired and seven short-haired individuals. Which of the following combinations represents the genotypes of the parents.
(a) Hh and Hh
(b) HH and hh
(c) HH and Hh
(d) Hh and hh.
3. In Drosophila red eye (R) is dominant to brown (r) and straight wing (S) is dominant to curled wing (s). The offspring from the cross RrSs and rrss are as follows:
• 25% red eyes, straight wings
• 25% red eyes, curled wings
• 25% brown eyes, straight wings
• 25% brown eyes, curled wings.
Of the following, this finding best illustrates:
(a) linkage
(b) mutation
(c) sex-linkage
(d) independent assortment.
4. Normal body (N) in Drosophila is dominant to fat body (n), and red eye (R) is dominant to purple eye (r). The gene for body colour sorts independently to the gene for eye colour. Crosses between flies with the genotype Nnrr and flies with the genotype nnrr produce offspring as follows:
(a) 50% normal with purple eyes: 50% fat with purple eyes
(b) 50% fat with red eyes: 50% normal with red eyes
(c) 50% normal with purple eyes: 50% fat with red eyes
(d) 50% fat with red eyes: 50% normal with purple eyes.
5. Another series of crosses between Drosophila flies with the genotype NNrr and flies with the genotype nnRR yields the following offspring:
(a) 50% normal with red eyes: 50% fat with red eyes
(b) 50% normal with purple eyes: 50% fat with red eyes
(c) all normal with purple eyes
(d) all normal with red eyes.
6. The letter A represents the gene for a dominant trait and the letter a represents the gene for its recessive allele. Which statement concerning the offspring of the first generation is correct if Aa mates with aa?
(a) All of the offspring will exhibit the dominant trait.
(b) All of the offspring will exhibit the recessive trait.
(c) The recessive trait will show up in only 50% of the offspring.
(d) The dominant trait will show up in only 75% of the offspring.
Questions 7 to 10 are based on Figure 1, a pedigree for colour blindness (c) which is sex-linked and recessive to normal colour vision (C). Squares represent males, and circles females. Black squares and circles indicate colour blind individuals.
(MESSAGE ME FOR PICTURE)
7. The genotype of individual 1:
(a) could be either Cc or CC
(b) must be CC
(c) could be either CC or cc
(d) must be Cc.
