Which writer was a major proponent of the theory of utilitarianism?

___ 1. According to Kant, moral laws are

a. Necessary and apply to all rational beings

b. Grounded in God’s commands

c. Are culturally relative

d. Contingent and apply to all human beings

___ 2. According to Kant, the moral worth of an act depends on

a. The moral character of the agent who performs it

b. The consequences of the action

c. The maxim that is acted on

d. All of the above

___ 3. A utilitarian is someone who

a. Believes that rights are derived from moral laws

b. Ignores the consequences of an action in determining the morality

c. Judges goodness based on whether something promotes social good

d. Says that reason compels people to accept certain universal maxims

___ 4. What all existentialists have in common, according to Sartre, is the view that:

a. God does not exist, and so everything is permitted

b. All humans share a common nature

c. Existence precedes essence

d. Essence precedes existence

___ 5. According to Sartre, the existentialist finds the fact that God does not exist:

a. Liberating

b. Clarifying

c. Very distressing

d. Unimportant

___6. Which writer was a major proponent of the theory of utilitarianism?

a. Jeremy Bentham

b. Immanuel Kant

c. Karl Marx

d. John Rawls

___ 7. Utility can be defined as:

a. Usefulness, in opposition to pleasure

b. Fulfillment of animalistic desires

c. Pleasure and the absence of pain

d. A constant state of rapturous excitement

___ 8. Utilitarianism dictates that actions are morally good

a. When they promote the actor’s interests and well-being

b. When they promote general happiness

c. When they are performed by a virtuous person

d. When they reflect the following of a just principle, regardless of the consequences

___ 9. In response to the criticism that there is not enough time to calculate which actions will produce the most good, Mill replies

a. That people should take more time to deliberate on their actions

b. That this is a necessary limitation of all ethical theories

c. That people know the results that actions tend to produce, and they don’t have to retest every action by first principles every time they perform it

d. That upon reading his essay, people will have all the guidance they need

___10. John Stuart Mill lived most of his life in the following country: